Pattadakal, also known as Paṭṭadakallu or Raktapura, is a group of ancient Hindu and Jain temples built in the 7th and 8th centuries CE. It is located on the west bank of the Malaprabha River in the Bagalakote district of northern Karnataka. This historic site is just 14 miles from Badami and 6 miles from Aihole, both known for their Chalukyan architecture. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Pattadakal is protected by the Indian government and managed by the Archaeological Survey of India. The temples here show a unique mix of North and South Indian architectural styles. Most Hindu temples are dedicated to Lord Shiva, though stories from Vaishnavism and Shaktism are also seen in the carvings.
The temple walls feature scenes from the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Bhagavata Purana, and other ancient texts like the Panchatantra and Kirātārjunīya. The Jain temple in the complex is devoted to a single Jain spiritual teacher, or Jina.
places to visit in Pattadakal
Virupaksha Temple
Virupaksha Temple is the largest and most impressive temple in Pattadakal. It sits just south of the Mallikarjuna Temple and showcases detailed Dravidian-style architecture. The temple is known for its fine carvings and beautifully sculpted panels. Interestingly, the names of some of the artists are carved below their work. This temple reflects advanced construction techniques of its time.
Kashiviswanatha Temple
Kashiviswanatha Temple, also called Kashivishweswara, is one of the smaller temples in Pattadakal. It was built sometime between the late 7th and mid-8th century. Though simpler in design, it still holds historical importance. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is a fine example of early temple architecture.
Jain Temple
The Jain Temple at Pattadakal was built in the 9th century, likely with help from the Rashtrakutas or Kalyani Chalukyas. It is different from the nearby Hindu temples, lacking detailed carvings and sculptures of Hindu gods. Instead, it features a statue of a Jain Tirthankara (Jina) carved into the northern side. The temple is simple but significant to Jain heritage. It reflects the religious diversity of the area.
Sangameshwara Temple
Sangameshwara Temple, also known as Vijayeshvara Temple, is built in the traditional Dravidian style. It faces east and is located near the Chandrashekhara Temple. The temple is large and made with solid stone blocks. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The structure reflects the strength and style of early Chalukyan architecture.
Papanatha Temple
Papanatha Temple is unique because it combines both North Indian (Nagara) and South Indian (Dravidian) architectural styles. It faces east and houses a Shiva linga in the sanctum. However, it does not have a separate hall for Nandi, the bull. The mix of styles makes this temple stand out. It offers a creative blend of two traditions.
Galaganath Temple
Galaganath Temple follows the northern rekha-nagara style of design. It contains a Shiva linga inside and has a small vestibule. Outside the temple, there is a statue of Nandi seated and facing the inner sanctum. The temple’s sharp tower design is typical of North Indian styles. It is one of the well-preserved temples in the complex.
Mallikarjuna Temple
Mallikarjuna Temple is also known as Trailokeswara Maha Saila Prasada, based on local inscriptions. It was built in the mid-8th century by Queen Trailokyamahadevi. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva and features detailed carvings. It shares many features with the nearby Virupaksha Temple. The temple reflects royal patronage and artistic excellence.
Group of Monuments in Pattadakal
Pattadakal is a historic site with a group of Hindu and Jain temples from the 7th and 8th centuries. Located in northern Karnataka, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temples here reflect both North and South Indian styles of architecture. They were built mainly by the Chalukya dynasty. This site showcases India’s rich cultural and religious history.
Kadasiddheshwara Temple
Kadasiddheshwara Temple is part of the Pattadakal temple group. It is dedicated to Lord Shiva and located close to the Jambulinga Temple. The temple is smaller but features detailed stone work. It holds religious and historical importance. Visitors admire its simple yet graceful design.
Best Time to Visit Pattadakal
The ideal time to visit Pattadakal is during the winter months from November to February. The weather is cool and pleasant, with temperatures ranging between 10°C and 32°C, making it perfect for sightseeing and exploring the temples. Summers, from March to May, can be quite hot with temperatures rising up to 40°C, though evenings remain comfortable for outdoor activities. The monsoon season, from June to September, brings light to moderate rainfall, lowering the heat and making the surroundings lush and green. A short visit during this time can also be enjoyable, especially for nature lovers.
